|
Date Prepared: May 22, 2007 |
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1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT & COMPANY IDENTIFICATION |
|
Material Name: |
#1 Dry White Sand |
|
Manufacturer's Name: |
US Silica Company
PO Box 187
Berkeley Springs, WV 25411 |
|
Emergency Phone: |
304-258-2500 (8:30am-5:00pm ET) |
Common Name |
Sand |
|
Emergency Fax: |
304-258-8295 |
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2. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION |
| EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: |
The U.S. Silica Company material is a white or tan sand, or ground sand. It is not flammable, combustible or explosive. It does not cause burns or severe skin or eye irritation. A Single exposure will not result in serious adverse health effects. Crystalline silica (quartz) is incompatible with hydrofluoric acid, fluorine, chlorine trifluoride or oxygen difluoride. |
| OSHA REGULATORY STATUS: |
This material is considered hazardous under the OSHA Hazard Communications Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). |
POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: |
Inhalation: |
|
|
|
| a. Silicosis: |
Respirable crystalline silica (quartz) can cause silicosis, a fibrosis (scarring) of the lungs. Silicosis may be progressive; it may lead to disability and death. |
| b. Lung Cancer: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) inhaled from occupational sources is classified as carcinogenic to humans. |
| c. Tuberculosis: |
Silicosis increases the risk of tuberculosis. |
| d. Autoimmune & Chronic Kidney Diseases |
Some studies show excess numbers of cases of scleroderma, connective tissue disorders, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney diseases and end-stage kidney disease in workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica. |
| e. Non-Malignant Respiratory Diseases (other than silicosis) |
Some studies show an increased incidence in chronic bronchitis and emphysema in workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica. |
Eye Contact: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) may cause abrasion of the cornea. |
Skin Contact: |
Not applicable. |
Ingestion: |
Not applicable. |
Chronic Effects: |
The adverse health effects -- silicosis, lung cancer, autoimmune and chronic kidney diseases, tuberculosis, and non-malignant respiratory diseases -- are chronic effects. |
Signs & Symptoms of Exposure: |
Generally, there are no signs or symptoms of exposure to crystalline silica. |
| Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure: |
The condition of individuals with lung disease (e.g. bronchitis, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) can be aggravated by exposure. |
| See Section 11, Toxicological Information, for additional detail on potential adverse health effects. |
3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS |
|
Ingredient Identification |
Chemical Formula |
Typical % By Weight |
CAS # |
|
Crystalline Silica (quartz) |
SiO2 |
99.0-99.9 |
14808-60-7 |
|
Aluminum Oxide |
Al2O3 |
<.8 |
1344-28-1 |
|
Iron Oxide |
Fe2O3 |
<.1 |
1309-37-1 |
|
Titanium Oxide |
TiO2 |
<.1 |
13463-67-7 |
|
Exposure
Limits for Hazardous Ingredients |
| |
OSHA PEL |
ACGIH TLV |
NIOSH REL |
| Crystalline Silica (Quartz) |
10 mg/m3
% SiO2 + 2 |
.05 |
.05 |
|
4. FIRST AID MEASURES |
|
Inhalation: |
No specific first aid is necessary since the adverse health
effects associated with exposure to crystalline silica (quartz) result from
chronic exposures. If there is a gross inhalation of crystalline silica
(quartz), remove the person immediately to fresh air, give artificial
respiration as needed, seek medical attention as needed. |
|
Eye Contact: |
Wash immediately with water. If irritation persists, seek
medical attention. |
|
Skin Contact: |
N/A |
|
Ingestion: |
N/A |
|
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES |
| Crystalline Silica (quartz) is not flammable, combustible or explosive. |
| 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES |
|
Spills: |
Use dustless methods (vacuum) and place into closable
container for disposal, or flush with water. Do not dry sweep. Wear
protective equipment specified below. |
|
Waste Disposal Method: |
See Section 13. |
| 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE |
|
Precautions During Handling & Use: |
Do not breath dust. Use adequate ventilation and dust
collection. Keep airborne dust concentrations below permissible exposure limit (PEL). Do not rely on your
sight to determine if dust is in the air. Respirable crystalline silica may be in the air without a
visible dust cloud. If crystalline silica dust cannot be kept below permissible limits, wear a
respirator approved for silica dust when using, handling, storing or
disposing of this product or bag. See section 8 for further information on respirators. Practice good housekeeping. Do not permit
dust to collect on walls, floors, sills, machinery or equipment. Maintain, clean and fit test respirators in accordance with OSHA regulations. Maintain and test ventilation and dust collection equipment. Wash or vacuum clothing that has become dusty. The OSHA Hazard Communications Standard, 29 CFR Sections 1910.1200, 1915.1200, 1917.28, 1918.90, 1926.59 and 1928.21, and state and local worker or community "right-to-know" laws and regulations should be strictly followed. |
|
DO NOT USE U.S. SILICA COMPANY MATERIALS
FOR SANDBLASTING. |
|
Precautions During Storage: |
Avoid breakage of bagged material or spills of bulk material.
Use dustless methods (vacuum) and place into closable container for disposal, or flush with water. Do not dry sweep. See control measures in Section 8. |
| |
|
The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR Sections
1910.1200, 1915.1200, 1917.28, 1918.90, 1926.59, and 1928.21, and state and
local worker or community "right-to-know" laws and regulations should be
strictly followed. WARN YOUR EMPLOYEES (AND YOUR CUSTOMERS IN CASE OF
RESALE) BY POSTING AND OTHER MEANS OF THE HAZARDS AND THE REQUIRED OSHA
PRECAUTIONS. PROVIDE TRAINING FOR YOUR EMPLOYEES ABOUT THE OSHA PRECAUTIONS.
|
|
For additional precautions, see American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
standard practice E 1132-99a, "Standard Practice for Health Requirements
Relating to Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica." |
|
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION |
|
Local Exhaust: |
Use sufficient local exhaust to reduce the level of
respirable crystalline silica to below the OSHA PEL. See ACGIH "Industrial
Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practice" (latest edition). |
|
Respiratory Protection: |
If it is not possible to reduce airborne exposure levels to below the OSHA PEL with ventilation, use the table below to assist you in selecting respirators that will reduce personal exposures to below the PSHA PEL. This table is part of NIOSH Respirator Selection Logic, 2004, Chapter III, Table 1, "Particulate Respirators". The full document can be found at www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators; the user of this MSDS is directed to that site for information concerning respirator selection and use. The assigned protection factor (APF) is the minimum anticipated level of
protection provided by each type of respirator worn in accordance with an adequate respiratory protection program. For example, an APF of 10 means that the respirator should reduce the airborne concentration of a particulate by a factor of 10, so that if the workplace concentration of a particulate was 150 ug/m3, then a respirator with an APF of 10 should reduce the concentration of particulate to 15 ug/m3. |
| Assigned Protection Factor 1 |
Type of Respirator (Use only NIOSH-certified respirators) |
|
10 |
Any air-purifying elastomeric half-mask respirator equipped with appropriate type of particulate filter.2 |
|
Appropriate filtering facepiece respirator. 2,3 |
| Any air-purifying full facepiece respirator equipped with appropriate type of particulate filter.2 |
|
Any negative pressure (demand) supplied-air respirator equipped with a half-mask. |
| 25 |
Any powered air-purifying respirator equipped with hood or helmet and a high efficiency (HEPA) filter. |
| Any continuous flow supplied-air respirator equipped with a hood or helmet. |
| 50 |
Any air-purifying full facepiece respirator equipped with N-100, R-100, or P-100 filter(s). |
| Any powered air-purifying respirator equipped with a tight-fitting facepiece (half or full facepiece) and a high-efficiency filter. |
| Any negative pressure (demand) supplied-air respirator equipped with a full facepiece. |
| Any continuous flow supplied-air respirator equipped with a tight-fitting facepiece (half or full facepiece). |
| Any negative pressure (demand) self-contained respirator equipped with a full facepiece. |
| 1,000 |
Any pressure-demand supplied-air respirator equipped with a full facepiece |
1. The protection offered by a given respirator is contingent upon (1) the respirator user adhering to complete program requirements (such as the ones required by OSHA in 29CFR1910.134), (2) the use of NIOSH-certified respirators in their approved configuration, and (3) individual fit testing to rule out those respirators that cannot achieve a good fit on individual workers. |
2. Appropriate means that the filter medium will provide protection against the particulate in question. |
3. An APF of 10 can only be achieved if the respirator is qualitatively or quantitatively fit tested on individual workers. |
|
Permissible Exposure
Limits |
| |
Exposure
Guidelines |
|
Component |
CAS No. |
Percentage (by Weight) |
OSHA PEL |
ACGIH TLV |
NIOSH REL |
|
|
Crystalline Silica (quartz) |
14808-60-7 |
99.0-99.9 |
TWA |
STEL |
TWA |
STEL |
TWA |
STEL |
Unit |
|
10/%SiO2+2 |
None |
.05 |
None |
.05 |
None |
mg/m3 |
| If crystalline silica (quartz) is heated to more than 870oC, it can change to a form of crystalline silica known as trydimite; if crystalline silica (quartz) is heated to more than 1470oC, it can change to a form of crystalline silica known as cristobalite. The OSHA PEL for crystalline silica as trydimite or cristobalite is one-half of the OSHA PEL for crystalline silica (quartz). |
|
9. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
|
Appearance: |
White or tan sand; granular, crushed, or ground. |
|
Boiling Point: |
4046oF/2230oC |
Odor: |
None |
|
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): |
None |
Specific Gravity (Water=1): |
2.65 |
|
Vapor Density (Air=1): |
None |
Melting Point: |
3110oF/1710oC |
|
Solubility in Water: |
Insoluble in water |
Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate=1): |
None |
|
10. STABILITY & REACTIVITY |
|
Stability: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is stable. |
|
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid):
|
Contact with powerful oxidizing agents, such as fluorine,
chlorine trifluoride and oxygen difluoride, may cause fires. |
|
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts: |
Silica will dissolve in hydrofluoric acid and produce a
corrosive gas - silicon tetrafluoride. |
|
Hazardous Polymerization: |
Will not occur. |
|
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION |
| The method of exposure to crystalline silica that can lead to adverse health effects described below is inhalation. |
|
Silicosis: |
The major concern is silicosis, caused by the
inhalation and retention of respirable crystalline silica dust. Silicosis can exist in
several forms, chronic (or ordinary), accelerated, or acute.
Chronic or Ordinary Silicosis (often referred to as
Simple Silicosis) is the most common form of silicosis, and can occur
after many years of exposure to relatively low levels of airborne respirable
crystalline silica dust. It is further defined as either simple or
complicated silicosis.
Simple silicosis is characterized by lung lesions (shown
as radiographic opacities) less than 1 centimeter in diameter, primarily in
the upper lung zones. Often, simple silicosis is not associated with
symptoms, detectable changes in lung function or disability.
Simple silicosis may be progressive and may develop into
complicated silicosis or progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Complicated
silicosis or PMF is characterized by lung lesions (shown as radiographic
opacities) greater than 1 centimeter in diameter. Although there may be no
symptoms associated with complicated silicosis or PMF, the symptoms, if
present, are shortness of breath, wheezing, cough and sputum production.
Complicated silicosis or PMF may be associated with decreased lung function
and may be disabling. Advanced complicated silicosis or PMF may lead to death. Advanced complicated silicosis or PMF can result in
heart disease secondary to the lung disease (cor pumonale).
Accelerated Silicosis can occur with exposure to
high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica over a relatively short
period; the lung lesions can appear within five (5) years of the initial
exposure. Progression can be rapid. Accelerated silicosis is similar to
chronic or ordinary silicosis, except that the lung lesions appear earlier
and the progression is more rapid.
Acute Silicosis can occur with exposures to very
high concentrations of respirable crystalline silica over a very short
time period, sometimes as short as a few months. The symptoms of acute silicosis
include progressive shortness of breath, fever, cough and weight loss. Acute
silicosis is fatal. |
|
Cancer: |
IARC - The International Agency for Research on Cancer
("IARC") concluded that there was "sufficient evidence in humans for
the carcinogenicity of crystalline silica in the forms of quartz or
cristobalite from occupational sources", and that there is "sufficient
evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of quartz and
cristobalite." The overall IARC evaluation was that "crystalline silica
inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources is
carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)." The IARC evaluation noted that
"carcinogenicity was not detected in all industrial circumstances studies.
Carcinogenicity may be dependent on inherent characteristics of the
crystalline silica or on external factors affecting its biological activity
or distribution of its polymorphs." For further information on the IARC
evaluation, see IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks
to Humans, Volume 68, "Silica, Some Silicates..." (1997).
NTP - The National Toxicology Program's Eleventh Annual
Report on Carcinogens, classifies "silica, crystalline (respirable size)" as a
known human carcinogen.
OSHA - Crystalline silica (quartz) is not regulated by the U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration as a carcinogen.
|
|
Autoimmune Diseases: |
Several studies have reported excess cases of several autoimmune disorders, -- scleroderma,
systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis -- among silica-exposed workers. For a review of the subject, the following may be consulted:
"Occupational Exposure to Crystalline Silica and Autoimmune Disease",
Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 107, Supplement 5, pp 793-802
(1999); "Occupational Scleroderma", Current Opinion in Rheumatology,
Volume 11, pp 490-494 (1999). |
|
Tuberculosis: |
Individuals with silicosis are at increased risk to develop pulmonary
tuberculosis, if exposed to persons with tuberculosis. The following may be
consulted for further information: Occupational Lung Disorders, Third
Edition, Chapter 12, entitled "Silicosis and Related Diseases", Parkes,
W. Raymond (1994); "Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Relative to Silicosis and
Exposure to Silica Dust in South African Gold Miners," Occup. Environ.
Med., Volume 55, pp 496-502 (1998). |
|
Kidney Disease: |
Several studies have reported excess cases of kidney diseases, including end stage renal disease, among silica-exposed workers. For additional information on the subject, the following may be
consulted: "Kidney Disease and Silicosis", Nephron, Volume 85, pp
14-19 (2000). |
|
Non-Malignant Respiratory Diseases: |
The reader is referred to Section 3.5 of the NIOSH Special Hazard Review cited below, for information concerning the association between exposure to crystalline silica and chronic bronchitis, emphysema and small airways disease. There are studies that disclose an association between dusts found in various mining occupations and non-malignant respiratory diseases, particularly among smokers, or result from exposure to
mineral dusts generally (independent of the presence or absence of crystalline silica, or the level of crystalline silica in the dust). |
| Sources of Information: The NIOSH Hazard Review - Occupational Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica published in April 2002 summarizes and discusses the medical and epidemiological literature on the health risks and diseases associated with occupation exposures to respirable crystalline silica. The NIOSH Hazard Review should be consulted for
additional information, and citations to published studies on health risks and diseases associated with occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica. The NIOSH Hazard Review is available from NIOSH - Publications Dissemination, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, or by calling 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4676), or through the NIOSH website, www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/silica, then click on the link "NIOSH Hazard Review: Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica". |
|
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION |
|
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not known to be ecotoxic; i.e., there is no data which suggests that crystalline silica (quartz) is toxic to birds, fish, invertebrates, microorganisms or plants. |
|
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS |
|
General: |
The packaging and material may be landfilled; however, this
material should be covered to minimize generation of airborne dust. |
|
RCRA: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not classified as a
hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, or its
regulations, 40 CFR 261 et seq. |
|
The above applies to materials as sold by U.S. Silica
Company. The material may be contaminated during use, and it is the
responsibility of the user to assess the appropriate disposal method of the
used material. |
|
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION |
|
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not a hazardous material for
purposes of transportation under the US Department of Transportation Table
of Hazardous Materials, 49 CFR 172.101 . |
|
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION |
|
UNITED STATES (FEDERAL & STATE) |
|
TSCA No.: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) appears on the EPA TSCA inventory
under the CAS No. 14808-60-7 |
|
RCRA: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not classified as a
hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation & Recovery Act, or its
regulations, 40 CFR 261 et seq. |
|
CERCLA: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not classified as a
hazardous substance under regulations of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 40 CFR 302. |
|
Emergency Planning & Community Right to
Know Act (SARA Title III): |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not an extremely
hazardous substance under Section 302 and is not a toxic chemical
subject to the requirements of Section 313. |
|
Clean Air Act: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) mined and processed by U.S.
Silica Company is not processed with or does not contain any Class I or
Class II ozone depleting substances. |
|
FDA: |
Silica is included in the list of substances that may be
included in coatings used in food contact surfaces, 21 CFR 175.300(b)(3)(xxvi). |
|
NTP: |
Respirable crystalline silica, primarily quartz dusts occuing in industrial and occupational settings, is classified as Known to be a
Human Carcinogen. |
|
OSHA Carcinogen: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is not listed. |
|
California Proposition 65: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is classified as a substance
known to the state of California to be a carcinogen. |
| California Inhalation Reference Exposure Level (REL): |
California established a chronic REL of 3 ug for silica (crystalline, respirable). A chronic REL is an airborne level of a substance at or below which no adverse health effects are anticipated in individuals indefinitely exposed to the substance at that level. |
| Massachusetts Toxic Use Reduction Act: |
Silica, crystalline (respirable size, <10 microns) is "toxic" for purposes of the Massachusetts Toxic Use Reduction Act. |
| Pennsylvania Worker & Community Right to Know Act: |
Quartz is a hazardous substance under the Act, but it is not a special hazardous substance or an environmental hazardous substance. |
|
CANADA |
|
Domestic Substances List: |
US Silica Company products, as naturally-occurring
substances, are on the Canadian DSL. |
|
WHMIS Classification: |
D2A |
|
OTHER |
|
EINECS No.: |
238-878-4 |
|
EEC Label (Risk/Safety Phrases): |
R 48/20, R 40/20, S22, S38 |
|
IARC: |
Crystalline silica (quartz) is classified in IARC Group I. |
| Japan MITI: |
All of the components of this product are existing chemical substances as defined in the Chemical Substance Control Law. |
| Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances: |
All of the components of this product are listed on the AICS inventory or exempt from notification requirements. |
|
National, state,
provincial or local emergency planning, community right-to-know or other
laws, regulations or ordinances may be applicable -- consult applicable
national, state, provincial or local laws. |
|
16. OTHER INFORMATION |
|
Hazardous Material Information System
(HMIS): |
|
Health: * |
Flammability: 0 |
Reactivity: 0 |
Protective Equipment: E |
|
* For further information on health effects, see
Sections 2 and 11 of this MSDS. |
|
National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA): |
|
Health: 0 |
Flammability: 0 |
Reactivity: 0 |
|
Web Sites with Information about Effects
of Crystalline Silica Exposure: |
| The U.S. Silica website will provide updated links to OSHA and NIOSH websites addressing crystalline silica issues. www.u-s-silica.com, click in "Information", then click on "Health & Safety". |
|
U.S. SILICA COMPANY DISCLAIMER |
|
The information and recommendations
contained herein are based upon data believed to be correct. However, no
guarantee or warranty of any kind, express or implied, is made with respect
to the information contained herein. We accept no responsibility and
disclaim all liability for any harmful effects that may be caused by
purchase, resale, use or exposure to our silica. Customer-users of silica
must comply with all applicable health and safety laws, regulations, and
orders, including OSHA Hazardous Communication Standard. |
